McDonald’s global marketing strategy Essay Example

McDonald’s global marketing strategy Essay 1. Identify the cardinal elements in McDonald’s planetary selling scheme ( GMS ) . In peculiar. how does McDonald’s near the issue of standardisation? McDonald’s has become the most celebrated and successful fast-food eating houses all over the universe. The construct of fast nutrient and American-style nutrient ( Burgers. french friess ) has conquered the universe. We can speak about standardisation sing Mcdo’s scheme: the selling mix is fundamentally the same. Merchandises: Fast nutrient. American nutrient ( Burgers. french friess and sodium carbonate ) Monetary value: Cheap. Burger Index * Promotion: American manner. mass communicating. attract kids. same trade name name. colourss and logo Topographic point: Quick service. crowded country However. we can non talk about a entire standardisation since McDonalds has adapted its bill of fare. worsening its selling mix sing some facets of the local civilizations. * The enlargement and standardisation of the beefburger has led to the creative activity of a monetary value index that can be used as an economic mention between different states known as the Big Mac Index. 2. Make you believe authorities functionaries in developing states such as Russia. China. and India welcome McDonald’s? Do consumers in these states welcome McDonald’s? Why or why non? We would believe that McDonalds would hold problem to turn up in states with really distant imposts or instead loath to the American manner of life. But the trade name had a really good construct. We will write a custom essay sample on McDonald’s global marketing strategy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on McDonald’s global marketing strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on McDonald’s global marketing strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer McDonalds was besides a manner for these countries’ population to eat abundantly for little budgets. When McDonalds opens its first eating house in Russia. the company creates its ain supply concatenation. including farms. within the USSR. For political grounds. McDonald’s Canada was responsible for this gap. with small input from the U. S. McDonalds has managed to derive the trust of local governments and local population by working with agricultural manufacturers to develop local supply nutrient beginnings. Mentalities and civilizations have besides evolved a batch. since the beginning of globalisation. In Asia. immature people rapidly fall in this manner of eat. because it was much more modern. However. McDonalds didn’t deny the important food’s imposts: In 1996 when McDonald’s entered in India for the first clip. it offered a Big Mac made with lamb called the Maharaja Mac. 3. At the terminal of 2003. McDonald’s announced it was selling the Donatos Pizza unit. Then. in 2006. the Chipotle concatenation was spun off. In visible radiation of these strategic actions. buttocks McDonald’s chances for success beyond the burger-and-fries theoretical account. MacDonald’s wanted to confirm itself in its nucleus concern: Burger and french friess. So they decided to concentrate on their basic construct and to abandoned concerns they believed to be complimentary. This scheme of specialisation allows: A cost-leadership An betterment of productiveness A leader’s statue in footings of inventions An first-class market’s cognition To give clear brand’s individuality and ends better defined In making so. they wanted to restore themselves as the mention n ° 1 of Burger A ; fries’ fast-food. 4. Is it realistic to anticipate that McDonald’s – or any well-known company – can spread out globally without on occasion doing errors or bring forthing contention? Why do anti-globalization dissenters around the universe often aim McDonald’s? I think that a company can spread out globally without needfully doing large errors. But in this instance. that company should put a batch of money in marketing research upstream but besides continually to be ever cognizant of the local environment. The local every bit good as general determinations must take into history all collected informations. Here is the ground why there are sometimes errors. It is an intricate procedure. which requires clip and money. But it goes without stating. that each operation must be consistent with each marketing’s location. Sing McDonald’s. it is normal that all freshnesss proposed haven’t ever been liked because country’s nutrient. gustatory sensations and eating wonts are really variable depending on each population. McDonald’s has been really executing in happening a basic bill of fare that pleases about everyone. This is that power which has Mcdo. to standardise eating wonts. that scares anti-globalists. In fact. nutrient is frequently a beloved component to 1s who wish to continue their cultural individuality. Finally. I guess it is possible to be accepted world-wide. but it is hazardous to change the traditions of the foreign state in which the company want to set up itself. Case 2: Acer’s scheme. 1. Acer’s scheme has been described as divide and conquer. Explain. Acer. founded in 1976 by Stan Shih. is the 4th computing machine maker in the universe. The Chinese group is specialized in fabrication and commercialisation of computing machines. proctors and other computing machine peripherals. The different trade names of the group are: Acer. Packard Bell. Gateway and eMachines. Contrary to McDonalds. Acer has opted for a scheme of distinction instead than standardisation. Indeed. when Stan Shih uses the phrase divide and conquer it’s to foreground the group’s determination to continue the individuality and personality of each group’s trade name and to utilize the privileged relation that these trade names have built over the old ages with their ain clients: Packard Bell targets the general populace eMachines the big public first price Gateway marks larger companies Acer focal point on mobility to pull both consumers and the SoHo market ( Small office and Home Office ) 2. How did the global markets-local markets paradox figure into Stan Shih’s scheme for China? Stan Shih determination to concentrate on the Chinese market is rather self-contradictory sing the divide and conquer strategy : The word divide is a paradox because Acer wants to refocus on the Chinese market. so the mark will be much more homogenous. And on the other manus. conquer is non the involvement here because Chinese are already conquered. So the scheme division is rather self-contradictory every bit far as local markets are concerned. because the population is more unvarying. But this scheme is possibly really successful excessively at a local degree. 3. Can Acer go the world’s 3rd largest Personal computer company. behind Dell and Hewlett-Packard? We can so conceive of that Acer may go the world’s 3rd largest Personal computer company. Since the refocus of Acer in China. the consequences have been impressive. However. it must stand out from Lenovo. To turn its market portions. Acer must hold a more planetary position and this will do the difference. If the group wants to alter this ranking. he can non keep its scheme to the Chinese market. Acer should besides better its B to C. because it is more recognized in the universe of B to B. Acer has to be more advanced and derive the trust of diverse populations. 4. Even before the current economic crisis deepened. growing in the U. S. Personal computer market had begun to decelerate down. Despite strong competition from Dell and Hewlett-Packard. Acer’s U. S. market portion increased from 1 per centum in 2004 to 3. 3 per centum by the terminal of 2006. What are Acer’s chances for deriving farther portion in the United States? It was hard for Acer to come in in the US’ market: Dell and HP have a monopoly in the Personal computer at that place. The United States enlargement is really closely linked to the meeting with the American computing machine hardware maker Gateway. while the European move is related to the acquisition of the Packard Bell company. Acer’s purpose is to offer a broad scope of computing machines: the determination to maintain the different trade names by look intoing that they don’t overlap is an ideal combination. EMachines offers inexpensive desktop. Acer made inexpensive laptops and Gateway is located in the midrange and high terminal. This is likely what has allowed Acer to increase its market portion. and it is likely thanks to its inexpensive scope that the crisis hasn’t had any impact on its growing in the United States.

Socilization essays

Socilization essays ?Throughout life, we're faced with the process of socialization by developing human capability and learning about the culture. The concept of socialization is that our actions are driven and learned by our culture. Socialization is also the foundation of personality, which we build by internalizing our surroundings. Through the lifelong process of socialization, society transmits culture from one generation to the next. This process is very important because it helps shape society into the future without stumbling upon confusion of whats right or wrong. Furthermore, socialization is a key factor in the life of humans and other animals alike because socialization is instrumental in the development of personality and community roles. While much of human personality is the result of our genes, the socialization process can mold one in a particular direction by encouraging specific beliefs and attitudes as well as selectively providing experiences. This process begins at birth when a child begins to learn what is expected of them from their parents. Throughout my life, I was told that I was the fortunate son of the three brothers. I was born into a middle class nuclear family with Mexican-American culture. Before I was born my parents didnt have much in food or necessities but they both worked hard to get ahead and acquire such needs. Both my parents valued work and education, and continue to do so to this day. Growing up, I develop a habit of fear for trying out new things and always hated change. However, the one individual that has inspired me to work hard has been my mother. My mom has shown me not to be afraid in accomplishing and overtaking obstacles in life. With her motivational spirit, I was able to overcome the fear of driving and acquire my driving license right after high school ended. If it wasnt for my mom who pushed me to get my driving license, I would probably still be driven to coll...

Compare and Contrast ideologies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare and Contrast ideologies - Research Paper Example ecessity of democratizing the process by encouraging peoples’ participation in governance and in community-based decision-makings to bring about the utilitarian principle --to be of service to greater number of people. However, while universal principles in governance are similar, the ideological inspirations differ. This is because states either adopt socialism, communism, or liberal democracy as their political system. These ideologies can be distinguished as shown in a table below: The socialist government empowers people to collectively own and democratically operate their industries and social services Decisions are made for utilitarian purpose. This is practiced in France and adopted by Union of Soviet Republics (USSR) (Quinn, 2012). Its economy is driven by a system where property is shared communally. Private property is not quiet encouraged and they practice market exchanges otherwise known as ‘market exchange.’ The workers manage their industries and corporations and select their representatives to head them. International relations are determined by hierarchy of structures but are laid by collective planning. While it’s open for foreign relations, its bilateral and multilateral relations are often ruled by socialist perspective for its general goodness. Ergo, not for private interest (Quinn, 2012). Governance is ruled by communist party (Quinn 2012). Theoretically, some political scientists contended that that there is no government yet that has ably practiced completely the communistic values albeit China and some countries claimed that they are adopting a communist regime. The end of cold war has shown that China has adopted a neo-capitalists system. Ideally, communism is opposed to capitalism and liberal democracy. Although at times perceived as akin to socialism, but its economic system wherein production is controlled by public interest. According to political experts, there is no room for private property ownership (Quinn 2012). The

Nativism and Immigration Restriction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nativism and Immigration Restriction - Essay Example However, the year 1882 would become a turning point in our nation's history with the passage of the federal Chinese Exclusion Act that prohibited immigration based on race and ethnicity. The next four decades would continue to affect the country's perception of immigration and would culminate with the passage of the National Origins Act in 1924. Our national views and policies towards immigration continue to be shaped by the nationalism, fears, and nativism that were spawned in California over a century ago. By the middle of the 19th century the residents of California were openly expressing their resistance to Chinese immigrants and these feelings were being exhibited through worker demonstrations and violent outrages. Advocates of the open door policy clashed with anti-immigrant forces over immigration policy for one of the first times in our nation's history. The working men in California had begun to believe that the immigrant Chinese were taking jobs from them and suppressing wages. By 1876, the Chinese were working in gold mines, manufacturing, and in agriculture. A New York Times article of the era contends that, "In all these vocations, as a rule, they [the Chinese] work for lower wages than are usually paid to white men."1 The outward displays of discrimination against the Chinese workers would often force them out of the white dominated workplace and into lower paid occupations. Because there was a shortage of women in California at this time the Chinese men often turned to be coming domestic servants, cooks, housekeepers, or laundry attendants.2 This forced the Chinese workers into the lower wage positions and fulfilled the perception that they were willing to work for less money. The Chinese were also the subject of intense racism in the press and in the public debates over the employment issue. These emotions prompted the federal government to consider passing the Chinese Exclusion Act, which would ban Chinese immigration and prevent Chinese workers from attaining citizenship. A newspaper of the era argued that the white worker should "be excused if he is impatient with the competition of a laborer who lives on the cheapest food, lives in a dry goods box, has no more interest in the State than a bird of the air, and returns to his own land as soon as he accumulates a little money."3 Though these were the prevailing attitudes toward the Chinese, there was a small oppositional viewpoint. As the Chinese Exclusion Act was being debated nationally, the merchants and businessmen warned of taking such extreme action aimed at a single country and race. Their interest was in increasing trade with China that was just beginning to open up to American products. The merc hants warned, "The Chinese government would be perfectly justified in retaliating upon us, if we commit such a base act of international treachery as that contemplated by this act."4 The issue that had begun as a labor dispute in California had risen to the level of a national debate as Congress considered the Act. In the emotionally charged political debate, the voice of reason and truth was often obscured by the polarization of emotions. Professor Wells Williams of Yale College, a leading Social Scientist of the period, published a paper in 1879 after studying Chinese immigrati

Production and Operations Management. Lenzing AG Case study

Production and Operations Management. Lenzing AG - Case Study Example The company had its base in the town near Salzburg since long and never felt the need to spread out far from there. The company was content with its operations and business till the year 1978 when the zeal to spread out internationally was initiated in Lenzing. The initiation or the possibility was triggered by a phone call which was made by an entrepreneur of Indian origin named Ashok Birla. The Indian entrepreneur came up with an idea of structuring a manufacturing unit in Indonesia. Initially, this proposal was turned down by the management of Lenzing owing to their lack of experience in foreign joint ventures as well as investments. However, with time Lenzing was able to identify the immense potential of the enormous and unexploited market of textile in Indonesia which made the Chairman ultimately initiate a joint venture with Birla. The outcome of the venture was a new firm named South Pacific Viscose (SPV) which was also the first foreign associate of Lenzing (Spar & Et. Al., 2 008). Problem Statement or Issues The joint venture resulted to be quite successful and in a short period of time the firm SPV started earning huge profits by being a contributor of rayon fiber to the flourishing textile trade of Indonesia. It was found that there was a huge demand of the rayon fiber in the country and the firm efficiently exploited this opportunity which resulted in the augmentation of their profits by around 15 percent every year. In the year 1988, another production plant was set up by Lenzing due to the impressive profits. The second plant was established so as to enhance its production ability from 32,000 to 73000 tons each year. With the taste of success in Indonesia, Lenzing started spreading even out of Europe by way of initiating quite some fresh projects. The experience achieved with the help of its joint venture, SPV assisted Lenzing to expand. In the year 1992, a third plant for the purpose of rayon production was acquired by the company at Tennessee. It also started its manufacturing operations in China in 1994 by way of entering into a contract with the government of China to build a manufacturing plant of rayon around Beijing. These various investments and expansions helped Lenzing acquire the reputation of the sole rayon company across the world which boasted of a factual global presence (Spar & Et. Al., 2008). The company’s joint venture with Birla in Indonesia was functioning quite productively and profitably by the year 1994. This made the company Lenzing think yet once again of expanding more with the help of starting a third manufacturing plant of SPV which would facilitate to enhance up the production to 109,000 tons. It was also planned by the company that the third plant would focus on manufacturing rayon fibers of the most exceptional quality. The company was aware of the fact that with the addition of the third manufacturing plant, the firm SPV would be placed amongst the biggest facilities in rayon manufacturi ng and would be ranked in the second position after the Austrian plant owned by Lenzing (Spar & Et. Al., 2008). Along with the profitability factor, there were other important factors too which were considered to be significant as they would majorly contribute towards the expansion. The other aspects that were measured to facilitate the expansion were the strong recognized associations with the firm’s downstream customers and also the admirable working association with the Indonesian local partner. The location of the firm in Indonesia was considered to be the major inducement behind the expansion owing to the country’s potential of turning into a motivating force for the international textile industry. Apart from the advantages that triggered the

Participant Observation Social Desirability And Operational Definition Psychology Essay

Participant Observation Social Desirability And Operational Definition Psychology Essay 1- Short notes on Participant Observation, Social desirability and operational Definition a- Participant Observation Participant Observation is a humanistic as well as a scientific method that produces a kind of experiential knowledge that allow a researcher talk convincingly. This method of fieldwork produces effective and positive knowledge and it involves getting very close to people and making them feel comfortable with researchers presence so that he can observe and record information about their lives (Bernard, p. 2006, p. 342). Participant observer is basically carrying out a naturalistic approach to conducting research and it seems to be a commitment that attempts to adopt the perspectives of studies shared in the day to day experiences. Participant observation has been described as an ongoing and intensive observing, listening and speaking with some explanations (Ely, 1991, p. 42). Many researchers use participant observation as an umbrella term for all qualitative data gathering and data handling. Participant observation includes going out or staying out in search for qualitative data gathering, and thus the observer may learn a new language in order to express the experiences about the lives of people that the researcher comes to know. With this type of research approach, the researcher is prompted to be immersing himself in a specific culture and also learning how he can get rid of the same immersion so that he will be able to intellectualize what he has seen and heard. He will express them in writing, speaking to others and will try to convince others (Bernard, p. 2006, p. 344). Participant observation is therefore more likely to be a fieldwork, but all fieldworks are in contrary not participant observation. Social Desirability Social desirability is a major source of response bias in conducting a survey research. Some times, participants in a survey research show social desirability bias as their answers reflect an attempt to enhance social desirable characteristics or attempt to minimize certain social undesirable characteristics. Social desirability has been defined as a tendency to give culturally sanctioned and socially approved answers for a survey research to provide socially desirable responses to describe oneself in terms judged as desirable and to present one-self favorably (Craighead and Nemeroff, 2002, p. 1557). Social desirability affects the accuracy of data to be gathered. It is mainly influenced by the way questions are prepared or asked. Many of survey research questions are more likely to create chances of social desirability so that respondents answer questions in a pre-made answer formats. Engel and Schutt (2005, p. 234) stressed that social desirability effects are more likely to occur when discussing issues that are of controversial in nature or when researcher expresses a view that is not popular or not widely accepted. When survey researcher or interviewer asks the participants with certain ready-made questions, especially when the questions have highly desirable answers, respondents feel conflicts between a desire to conform to the definition of good respondent behaviour and a desire to respond and appear to the interviewer to be in a socially desirable category. In surveys with pre-made multiple choice questions, social desirability is more likely to occur among the respondents. Operational Definition An operational definition, in the context of data collection and research, is an obvious, brief, complete and careful description of a measure. Social scientist uses operational definition as a measure to explain various conceptual terms (Sprague, Stuart and Bodary, 2008, p. 205). As different types of data were gathered, operational definition is very fundamental. The operational definition is a significant one in a situation at which the decision is to be taken about something regarding whether it is correct or not, or something having the confusion about its accuracy and usefulness. The data can be collected any time but it should be made clear that how to collect data and how it will be processed. Without processing the data, meaningful information may not be maintained. The ambiguity may arise while people viewing different opinions and it will negatively affect the data collection. Forming a detailed and consistent operational definition helps eliminate such ambiguity. If data are collected by comprising errors on it or about a product line, for instnace, it may lead to selecting a defective product and probably rejecting a good one. Similarly, when some accounting transactions or other business invoices are inspected to see errors among them, the data collection may not be treated as meaningful unless the term error has not been made clear. Lewis (2010, p. 417) asserted that an operational definition is required in order to maintain almost same meaning and understanding of a problem mainly to get it solved. It is because, operational definition establishes a language that communicates same meaning to everyone involved in solving the issue. 2. Explain the hypothesis testing procedure, using an example. Developing and testing of hypothesis are critical steps in most researches. Hypothesis testing is a statistical procedure that helps a researcher use sample data to draw inferences about the population according to researchers interest. As far primary data collection is concerned, observing every individual in a population is practically impossible or difficult to be conducted and therefore most researchers depend on sample surveying and thus sample data are used to help answer specific research questions. Hypothesis testing has been defined as a process of deciding whether a null hypothesis is to be accepted or rejected in favor of an alternative hypothesis. In hypothesis testing, there wont be any errors in decision making if the null hypothesis is rejected when it is false and also if it is accepted when it is true. Sample data being collected is the base for taking decision regarding whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis. The statistical hypothesis is an assumption about an unknown population parameter and hypothesis starts from an assumption that is termed as hypothesis. A hypothesis cannot be accepted or rejected on the basis of intuitions or on the basis of general assumptions that researchers have while conducting the research. Process of Hypothesis Testing In hypothesis testing, the researcher first assumes that the hypothesis is true. The researcher then collects data to test the hypothesis. Based on the data being collected, the researcher will calculate the confidence interval and probability for the hypothesis to become true. In this calculation and assessment, in the probability of hypothesis to be true is smaller than the pre-set level, the hypothesis will be rejected (Vaughan, 2001, p. 59). Though hypothesis testing can be different from situation from situation, or from project to project, the general process involved in hypothesis testing remains almost same. Hypothesis test is thus a statistical method that uses simple data to evaluate a hypothesis for studying a population. Following are the logics and steps involved in hypothesis testing: The researcher first states a hypothesis about a population. In general research contexts, the hypothesis concern the population values in parameter. Before the researcher selects a sample, the hypothesis will be used to predict the characteristics and specifications that the sample must have. The sample also requires being similar to the population and the researcher should always expect certain amounts and levels of errors. Next, the researcher obtains a random sample from the population. Finally, the researcher makes a comparison and analysis between the sample data obtained and the data that were predicted for the hypothesis. If this comparison shows that the sample mean is consistent with prediction, it will be concluded that the hypothesis is reasonable. Similarly, if it shows that there is big discrepancy between the sample data and prediction, then the hypothesis will be reckoned to be wrong (Gravetter and Wallnau, 2008, p. 189). Example for hypothesis Testing For instance, a researcher wants to find out knowledge and expertise of a universitys students in terms of their familiarity with university library and the amount of time they spend in library. Various journalism programs have been arranged to make students more aware of the library use and other relevant matters that are important to them. Do this journalism programs affect the amount of time that students spend in library? This is the main issue to be found out with the research. A random sample survey has been conducted from around 40 students in the number of hours they spend in the library in a week. As previously thought, students were spending around 5 hours per week in the library, but it is required to test whether students spend more than that after the journalism programs. This hypothesis testing includes following steps: a) Formulating two competing hypothesis, namely null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis, b) Calculating the test statistics by using the latest sample data being collected. c) Determining the probability that the null hypothesis is true based on the test statistics d) Comparing the pre-set value or pre-determined value with probability value (Vaughan, 2001, p. 59- 62). Briefly explain the following (i.e., what it is; what its used for, etc.). Null hypothesis There are various types of tests in statistics. In research and hypothesis testing in particular, null hypothesis plays very significant role. Hypothesis is statements that researchers, or decision makers or analysts believe to be true. This statement will be verified by using statistical tests. Practically, hypothesis is employed in pairs. Out of the two hypotheses, the first one is normally stated in negative forms, for instance, stating as something is not true, or the variable is not related etc. this negative form is termed as null hypothesis and the other is alternative hypothesis. Null hypothesis is represented by the symbol H0 and alternative hypothesis H1 or H2 (Downing and Clark, 2010, p. 66) The tested statement in statistics is called the null hypothesis because it is often in the form like there is no relationship between a variable and b variable, or both x and y are not related etc. Before testing the measure, the researcher or statistician may draw only two probabilities, X = y and X ≠  y. When a statistician observes a result likely to be so, then that assumption is called alternative hypothesis, and the opposite assumption is called null hypothesis (Howell, 2007, p. 152). For instance, an investigation is required to know the average ability of students in a class (X standard) in the co-scholastic area. They assumed that it will be above 50. Then the x≠¥ 50 is an alternative hypothesis and x< 50 is null hypothesis. The test revealed that the average ability is 70, H0: m < 50 H1: m ≠¥50. 20 is therefore population standard deviation Replicability A research which has replicability is often considered to be more accurate. When a researcher adopts almost the same procedures with similar settings and systems of research and surveying used by another researcher and this helps him obtain similar findings, the research can be said to be replicable. To be replicable is also considered to be an important tenet of an effective scientific research as well (Holloway, 1997, p. 137). Langbein and Felbinger (2006, p. 33) noted, replicability of a research helps the researcher make empirical claims more defensible and clearly objective. If the research lacks replicability, the conclusion and claim would be considered to be personal opinion and causal observation. Replicability of a research thus makes conclusions more traceable. Qualitative research may not as replicable as quantitative mainly because the relationship between the researcher and the participant in the research seems to be unique and cannot be replicated. Moderator variable Normally, there are two main variables in a research; they are independent and dependent variables. But, some time, there can be a moderate variable, which is a special type of variable that the investigator has chosen to determine how the relationship between independent and dependent variables is affected (Brown, 1998, p. 11). In simple terms, moderate variable is a third variable that affects the relationship between independent and dependent variables. As moderator variable affects the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in a research, it takes form of or plays roles of expressions like specification, contingency, conditional and qualification etc. For example, Mr Joseph decides to study Chinese and the issue to be considered is his study of Chinese for one year and his expertise or proficiency in that language may vary for male and females. In this example, Josephs study of Chinese is independent variable, his proficiency in Chinese is dependent variable and there is one point to be debated, which is whether the proficiency will vary from male to females. Proficiency variation between male and female is arguably moderator variable. Cross-sectional study A cross sectional study is part of sampling or surveying involving observations of a sample of a population or phenomenon that are made at one point in a time. Both exploratory and descriptive research methodologies are often considered to be cross sectional study (Babbie, 2008, p. 111). In a cross sectional study, the researcher or the investigator would make all of his measurements and analysis on a single occasion or within relatively a short period of time. The researcher who makes cross sectional study draws from the population and searches variables distributions within the sample, often by designating and predicting the outcomes of variables based on information from other sources. Cross sectional study is very much suited to describing variables and their relative distributions patterns. This type of study never takes into account the temporal relationship between the factors that are already explored and this usually includes an evaluation of a cross section of a particular population in a given period of time (Rao and Richard, 2006, p. 205). 4. Compare and contrast each of the following, giving examples: Primary and Secondary Data Sources of data are basically two, either primary or secondary. Primary data comprise of those data that a researcher collects directly from a specific population through ways of sampling, survey or any other technique of data gathering. Primary data are raw data and are not already used or published in books, journals, newspaper or any other sources. When primary data are published through media and made available to the public, and later they are used by others for their purpose, the data becomes secondary and the source becomes secondary source of data. Primary sources of data are those where the researcher describes his or her own work and the process that has been employed to come to conclusion. Secondary sources are usually books, articles, journals, statistics published in them, and other publications that are written by people with only a passing or second hand knowledge of a specific subject (Guffey and Loewy, 2009, p. 259). Primary data includes information that are developed or gathered by the researcher specifically for a particular research at hand. Secondary data refers to those data that are previously been gathered by someone other than the researcher for some purpose other than the research project at hand. Primary data is raw-data where as secondary data are previously used by others and may not be very appropriate for the purpose of second users. A survey conducted by local government to know exact numbers of farmers and industrialist in its region gives primary data, but when this data is used by a newspaper for studying the same regions financial strength, it becomes secondary data. Field study versus Comparative study A field study in research methodology refers to a method of data gathering based on direct observation from the population. For instance, a business organization may conduct a field study about its customers, their preferences, their specific requirements and their responses etc. in conducting field study, the researcher or the investigator directly observes users or the population they target, most probably taking notes on certain activities that their targeted people do indulge with, copying their activities clearly, and noting down the answers they give for specific questions. Comparative study is typically a qualitative analysis tool that attempts to figure out a specific issue or find out answers to specific issues by comparing two known variables or already studied areas of a given topic. An unknown fact may be explored by comparing its dimensions with an already known fact. For example, 50 Biology students in a university who are very fond of reading of library books were found to have scored more than 65 percent of marks. The relation between scoring marks and reading library books in known. In analyzing what factors led many students score high marks in business studies, the reading and high soring in biology can be compared. Bibliography and References Most researches, mainly literature review part, depend on literatures of published book or journals. The researcher may give direct quoting or parenthesizing in between texts and the details of these sources are required, according to almost all referencing formats like APA, MLA, Harvard etc, to show in detail at the end of the research paper on a separate title called references. References thus refers to those sources that are mentioned in text in a research, may be with or without the year of publishing or page numbers, but with last name of the author. Any specific idea that a researcher depends from a previous study and uses to develop his research must give its details in references. References thus indicate sources of specific ideas he parenthesized or quoted from another work. But, bibliography refers to the lists of books or journals or any other type of literature work that a researcher has read and used for his work, but not directly quoted an idea from them or not parenthesized from those sources. Researchers normally read several books and journals and they list them in bibliography to give readers an insight to further reading. Criterion and Predictor Variable In research methodology, criterion or criterion variable is the variable that measures the construct of interest to the researcher. Criterion variable is an outcome variable that can be predicted from one or more predictor variables, and it is often the main concentration in the study as it is the outcome variable mentioned in the research problem (Hatcher, 2003, p. 30). The predictor variable, in contrast, is a variable that is used to predict values on the criterion and it has a causal effect on criterion (Hatcher, 2003, p. 30).

braces Suck! :: essays research papers

"Braces Suck!" One out of three children or teenagers will have to live, at one point, as a prisoner of their own dentist. Teenagers are faced with zit and acne wars during the stages of puberty and braces add additional torture to this already hellish time to both parent and child. A life with braces is far more embarrassing, painful, and expensive than living with buck-teeth, gaps, or overlapping teeth. Mental scars remain long after cuts and bloody sores in the mouth have healed. These metal-like plates come with a long list of insults and nicknames. All through school one can expect to be called brace-face, Jaws and metal mouth just to name a few. The 'orthodontically' challenged are always the center of electricity and lip-locking jokes. The dentist's office is also a source of embarrassment. Most offices are filled with other patients and operating rooms are easily accessible making it easy for others to watch the pain and embarrassment the patient has to goes through. If one should forget to brush their teeth before their visit, they will regrettably become immortal as the doctor announces the left-over remains of a Turkey and Cheese sandwich stuck between the molars. Braces become a constant source of embarrassment. Braces are three to four years of physical torture beginning with the very first office visit. The applying of the brackets itself is long, tiresome, and uncomfortable. First, cold, flavored clay is shoved into the inside of the mouth, forming a mold as it dries. Jagged metal squares (brackets) are glued to the tooth, forcing hot, burning, glue to drip down the gums. Braces also cause everyday aches and pains in the mouth. Metal wires, guiding teeth to a new shape, stab the inside of the mouth causing cuts and sores while tearing the linings of the mouth each time a person's mouth opens. Rubber bands that are strung across each of the brackets pull and stretch teeth until gums are painful and sore. Being born with imperfect teeth can be painful†¦trust me! Braces hurt parents' wallets well after the metal and glue is scraped and chiseled off. Payments while braces are being worn are unbelievable. The average cost of braces today is around 10 thousand dollars.

Proposal for Handicraft

PROPOSAL OF MODERN AND CLASSIC HANDICRAFT 1. 0 INTRODUCTION * This product is owned by MODERN AND CLASSIC HANDICRAFT SDN BHD. This company is located Bandar Hilir, Melaka. Handicraft is a product made by human’s hands without using any machinery or equipment. Generally handicraft means art or skills of hands are not usually dined with machines but rather with hand tools. The price that we offer is very affordable to our customer. 2. 0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 3. 1 This company’s product is handicraft basket newspaper. It is made from recycling of paper such as old newspaper. 3. Our company has many competitors of handicraft such as a cane handicrafts, wood handicrafts, bamboo handicrafts, and shell handicrafts. Their design and collection very impressive and modern in the global design trend. Plus, they all have a great and cute design and have a lot of experience and ideas in the creation of handicraft. 3. 3 Our product features is made from newspaper. The creation are beau tiful and very high artistic. It does also promote recycling, have a light weight and easy to carry anywhere, durable, strong, very suitable in place in any room in the house and of course comes with cheap price. . 4 Our special features of product newspapers additional accessories such as ribbons to make a decoration into our product. It is to attract the people to buy our product because it is different from other products. 3. 5 Our product must be in the market because it is a very different product that other. An important that comes from this product is, it is made by hand. Moreover, it did not use any machine that harms an environment. Our product is also a terms combination in modern and classic handicraft.Another thing is, our main aim for this product to be on the market is, to avoid more pollution happen in our environment. Overall, this product is comes from the newspaper and 100% handmade product. It is value for the customers and the quality of the product is guaranteed . In this product, the customer also can find another design instead the small one and the big one. Example, the basket and dustbin. 3. 6 Our product is suitable for the bride, house wife, traditional and handicraft collector, and also some restaurant owner.This target of customers will likely to buy this product for specific purpose. For example the restaurant owner will buy our product for unique decoration of the table to place tissues. Same also goes to house wife. 3. 0 The objectives of our company are: 4. 7 To introduce to the people the uniqueness of our product that is comes from the newspaper. * The main option to produce this handicraft is to reduce the pollution and show benefit of that comes from recycles work. It is also will show the uniqueness about product that made by hands and uses the newspaper as the main item.We did not use any machines, so it will reduce many cost and can save the budget to produce our product. 4. 8 To share an interest from the shareholders of making a product that can build a good environment. * Our shareholders want to have a good environment in order to produce any product. We decide to bring our company name as a company that have a safe environment in workplace, also bring the interest of the shareholder. It can be proven by there’s no pollution like the factories of making any handicraft product.In terms to get any profit, we also remain the importance that we have care about our environment 4. 9 To market a various shape of handicraft product. * Our product is comes with various shape that will catch the interest of the consumer. Another important objective that we hold in this company is to bring a large marketing of our product. Instead people want to using a product to store a things from a plastic product, we want to make a new marketing about to store a product that comes from recycle things, and to give an awareness to the consumer about reduction of pollution. * 4. SIGNIFICANCE OF OUR COMPANY: 5. 10 To get the profit from a good product that we have made It is a valuable works that comes from a hand. Thus, it is important for the company to get the real profit from the product, so the worker in the company will feel the value that comes from the product. Instead, this is new innovation that the company wants to bring to the consumer. By only using a newspaper, there’s many benefit that everyone can share. 5. 11 To ensure that customers are satisfied with the our design Our target are to give our customer believe and satisfy with our design and collection.Although, we want them feel happy and should collect or buy our product again. It is because we will get satisfication our design with affordable price. 5. 12 To protect the environment Newspapers could be used to protect the environment and prevent pollution. Our product can also save money by recycling newspapers. Nowadays, there’s so many production of the products. People just want to get the profit, but didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t think the effects that it will brings to environment. By this product, it will show the important on how the way effective of protect the environment.

animal cruelty Essays

animal cruelty Essays animal cruelty Essay animal cruelty Essay animal cruelty BY bibi345 Every year 1 billion animals are slaughtered by the leather industry, 100 million animals die in experiments and 4 million cats and dogs are euthanized. Hello everyone and Mr. Dion, today Im going to talk to you about Animal cruelty. When we hear the words Animal Cruelty, we immediately think of serious and physical harm that someone is doing to an animal right? But really, animal cruelty isnt Just physical harm. It generally falls into one of three categories: neglect, intentional or sexual abuse. Neglect is the failure to provide water, food, shelter and/or necessary care. Example: starvation; dehydration Intentional cruelty is involving physical harm to an animal or taking some form of action and sexual abuse is when the animal is being sexually molested by a human being. Okay, now that we saw the three types of animal cruelty, who here knows a bit about experimental animals? Experimental animal is when an animal is being tested for a variety of products, drugs or vaccines. In certain countries, the law specifies that a new drug has to be essentially tested on t least two different species of live mammal. Almost every medication in the market has been tested on animals. Animals have been used in the development of anesthetics to prevent human suffering during surgery! Mice and rats are forced to inhale toxic fumes, dogs are force-fed pesticides, and rabbits have corrosive chemicals rubbed onto their skin and eyes. Many of these tests are not even required by law. Over 100 million of them die in experiments and tests every year. Scientists estimate that 100 species go extinct every day! Thats about one species every 15 minutes. Now more and more people check their products before buying them to make sure they werent tested on animals first. I really love elephants. I think theyre so adorable and when I was doing my research, I found out that elephants who perform in circuses are often kept in chains for as long as 23 hours a day from the time they are babies. I personally think thats Just wrong. Former circus employees have reported seeing them beaten, whipped, poked with sharp objects and even burned to force them to learn their routines! Now all they can do is sit and wait in fear of the next terrifying and painful thing that will be performed on them. Now lets talk about fur coats. A fur coat is pretty cool and trendy hen? Its coming back to style and it looks really sophisticated. Well, to make one fox-fur coat it takes about eighteen red foxes. So next time you are buying one, make sure it isnt real fur. I couldnt believe it when I read that tens of thousands of wild and domesticated horses from the United States are cruelly slaughtered every year to be used for horse eat in Europe and Asia. Since the last horse slaughter plants in the U. S. were closed in 2007, thousands of horses have been shipped to Canada and Mexico for slaughter. If you ever think someone is hurting an animal please call the Ontario SPCA investigators at 1-888-0nt-SPCA. Here is how to recognize animal cruelty. Look for these common signs Wounds on the body. Extremely thin. Limping. Animals left in a car on a hot or cold day for long hours. Abandonment Swellings Thank you for listening !

Using the French Expression Avoid la Frite

Using the French Expression Avoid la Frite Expression: Avoir la fritePronunciation: [a vwar la freet]Meaning: to feel great, be full of energyLiteral translation: to have the French fryRegister: familiarNotes: The French expressions avoir la frite and avoir la patate mean exactly the same thing: to feel great. Patate is an informal synonym for the head and by extension so is frite, thus saying that you have the potato or the French fry means that you have the (proper) head - in other words, your head is in a good place and you feel great. Examples   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je ne sais pas pourquoi, mais depuis mardi, jai la frite  !I dont know why, but Ive felt great since Tuesday!Elle avait la frite jusquau coup de tà ©là ©phone de sa banque.She was feeling great until the bank called.Tu nas pas lair davoir la frite.You dont look well, You dont look like you feel very well.Pauvre Thomas, il na pas la frite aujourdhui.Poor Thomas, hes not feeling too great, hes a bit down today.Avoir indicates a current status; you can substitute other verbs to indicate a change or continuation.Quest-ce quon peut faire pour lui donner la frite  ?What can we do to cheer/perk him up?Jespà ¨re quil va garder la frite quand il entendra les nouvelles.I hope hell still feel good when he hears the news. Synonymous Expressions à ªtre dattaque - literally, to be on attackà ªtre en forme - to be on formà ªtre en pleine forme - to be on full formà ªtre plein dà ©nergie - to be full of energyavoir la pà ªche (informal) - to have the peachavoir la pà ªche denfer (informal) - to have the peach from hellavoir mangà © du cheval (informal) - to have eaten some horseavoir mangà © du lion (informal) - to have eaten some lionà ªtre dans son assiette (informal, usually used in the negative) - to be in ones platepà ©ter le feu (familiar) - to be bursting with firepà ©ter les flammes (familiar) - to be bursting with flames Warning: The Collins-Robert Dictionary gives the alternate British translation to be full of beans for avoir la frite and some of the synonyms. However, in American English, that means to talk nonsense, which in French is dire nimporte quoi or dire des bà ªtises. Related Expressions à ªtre une frite - to be sickly, puny (literally, to be a French fry)faire une frite quelquun (informal) - to slap someone on the bottom (literally, to do a French fry on someone) More Expressions with avoirMost common French phrasesFrench foodFrench-English-French dictionaries

Mexicans Temporary Residents in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mexicans Temporary Residents in the USA - Essay Example So, it is a seasonal migration – coming and going back and coming again, making them temporary residents in America and Canada. However, this is not a completely true picture. One reason for labeling Mexicans, as temporary residents might be political in nature. The larger community intends to get political benefit by proclaiming Mexicans as temporary residents to argue in support of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Thus, there are other arguments against the notion that need to be discussed. In fact, certain findings on period of stay, family formation, network development and work status prove the statement wrong that Mexicans are temporary residents. Let’s analyze those findings. There are a number of factors that support the inclination of Mexicans to have permanent settlements like the duration of stay, family formation, network development and work. The desire to settle permanently by Mexicans has not been given due coverage and recognition. A large nu mber of Mexican children go to American schools, which shows they want to settle down forever in America. After a long period of stay in America, undocumented Mexicans like Central Americans don’t want to return back because they have become a customized to the changes with the passing of time. The argument that stable economic and political environment at home is prompting them to go back to their original place, particularly after signing of NAFTA is devoid of substance. It is also politically misleading as a segment of politicians in America want the Mexicans to return to their homeland to lessen the weight on American resources. Definitely, there is a role played by the economic and social forces in the occurrence of Los Angeles riots and in initiating a trend amongst Mexicans to migrate back to their homeland. Rousseau idea of labeling Mexicans as â€Å"homing pigeons† does not hold ground as in reality ‘their experiences in the new  communities’ (Chavez) hold them back to America.

Mordern database Managment assignment Four Essay

Mordern database Managment assignment Four - Essay Example Presently there have been extensive growth in the use and development in the database technology. Additionally, this new and advanced technology of the database is used to manage large volumes of organizational and business data. In addition, the utilization of database technology and systems in supporting applications that used to handle the business and query based report production is the basic traditional utilization of this technology. Though, the size as well as volume of data being handled increases new and interesting concerns. Presently this technology is used to facilitate businesses in attaining effective competitive advantage and underlying business processes. This new database technology also helps improve business processes and decision making. Moreover, at the present businesses are using the database based business intelligence systems such as data warehouse, data mining tools, and OLAP technology (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005; Laudon & Laudon, 1999). I have selected the topic which is related to use of data warehousing technology structure implementation at Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is a world’s largest retail store chain. This paper is written by Patrick  ¨ Ohlinger with title of â€Å"Wal-Mart’s Data Warehouse† This paper can be accessed using following link: http://www.derbaum.com/tu/WalMarts%20DWH.pdf. In this paper Ohlinger (2006) stated that the use of data warehousing technology at Wal-Mart is offering a lot of advantages to its business. The new technology based working structure has offered a lot of business advantages to overall operational management and the business. In this scenario the use of the data warehousing technology offers better support for the analysis of customer buying behavior, which leads to effective formulation of the policies by the Wal-Mart management to present more attractive deals to its customer